Dendragapus obscurus. 1. In winter, they rely heavily on buds and twigs. Here's my list of the 10 most important tips for grouse hunting. In Utah, the most common color phases for ruffed grouse tend to be gray and red (Figure 3). One such hunter that takes advantage of this great hunting opportunity is Amanda Ballengee. Ruffed grouse – Ruffed grouse prefer thick cover featuring second-growth aspen and high-bush cranberries, rosehips or soap berries. Many other species of wildlife such as snowshoe hares also cycle at 10-year intervals. The birds are non-migratory, spending their entire life within a small area. season zone from the 2020 Ruffed Grouse Drumming Survey. Ruffed Grouse feed on nutrient-rich buds found in the thinner branches of deciduous-tree crowns. It can come as a surprise to learn this distant sound, like an engine trying to start, comes from a bird at all. In 2019, after decades of habitat loss and changes in farming practices, New Jersey stopped offering a ruffed grouse season for hunters. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples in American English. Question: [LO 12. Â. Drumming declines were noted in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Regenerating aspen stands capture significant amounts of carbon from the atmosphere, while mature aspen is an excellent source of wood fiber used for timber and paper. My initial experience came through several Oregon ruffed grouse seasons of 30-plus birds using 1-oz No. Using a fast, wide-ranging bird dog. Grouse Stock. In northern areas where snow covers the ground from late November to early April, the continental distribution of Ruffed Grouse closely coincides with the distribution of aspen (Populus tremuloides, P. The Midwest is usually regarded as the best place in the country to hunt ruffed grouse. The dappled, grayish or reddish Ruffed Grouse is hard to see, but its “drumming on air” display is a fixture of many spring forests. Loss of a spruce grouse, particularly a female spruce grouse, could be. A Full Day (8-10 hours, 1-2 people) $525. It has to do with your number of shots and giving a ruffed grouse a fair chance on the wing. Discourage extensive stands of one or two species. Staminate flower buds and catkins of mature aspen serve as an important winter food resource (Svoboda and. Despite decades of decline, a genetic analysis of ruffed grouse reveals that Pennsylvania’s state bird harbors more genetic diversity and connectivity than expected. These chickenlike birds eat mostly the needles of fir, spruce, and pine, an aromatic diet that makes them. Other Names: Blue Grouse. Chill the stock for 4 hours or overnight so you can handle the meat and bones. Allow it to cure for 2-4 hours. He acted more like a. Learn more about hunting mourning dove. Seasons for these two birds run from September 17th to January 1st. 5 cm. Ruffed Grouse. Simmer, uncovered, for 4 hours. Quail are delicate little birds best served whole but partially deboned. During the 2018 season in California, Sooty or Blue Grouse and Ruffed Grouse (Not Sage Grouse) Archery Season opens on August 18, 2018 to September 7, 2018. 1 - Sept. See full list on projectupland. Pair that with the fact that other hunters typically don’t want to deal with the alarm clocks, lack of adequate. Like a chat around the campfire with friends who keep up with all the outdoor news. Share. . Residents who want to go bird hunting in Vermont pay $26 for a license. Using the wrong choke tube is a common mistake for many kinds of upland bird and small game hunting, but it's especially critical for grouse. Once we are blessed with a fresh ruffed grouse the forest, its time to head back to the kitchen. Much of Alaska, Canada, northern Rockies, northeastern U. Recreating that high quality ruffed grouse habitat is an important part of the timber management strategy on Falcon Springs Wildlife Management Area, near Decorah. Use woodcock as a primer for ruffed grouse. Ruffed grouse aren’t everywhere, of course, but they thrive in early successional forest lands, which are maintained by aggressive timber harvest programs. Ruffed grouse are frequently associated with riparian areas, or moist, brushy areas such as north-facing slopes and draws. The numbering system for shot continues up to #1 shot (. Tune in to this episode of the Project Upland Podcast to learn more about Trinity Kennels and the French Brittany. g. Mainers know it as partridge (or pa’tridge), as do folks in northern New York State and the Adirondacks, while in most other parts of the bird’s range it’s ruffed grouse. Photo by Jacob Dingel, courtesy of PGC. Hinton< Alberta< Canada. The article may not reflect this. young ruffed grouse can travel during natal dispersal (e. In a well-managed forest, natural soft mast including grapes, serviceberry, and gray dogwood are consumed readily. i dont even knoe if thats alowed. Two ruffed grouse flush in unison from the usual patch of cover, just feet ahead of Drake’s nose. The ruffed grouse has been Pennsylvania’s state bird since 1931. Instructions: 1) Step on the wings while pulling the feet 2) Pluck the feathers 3) Cut. Photo: Roland Jordahl A brown or red phase ruffed grouse. A prime cock bird and the first red-phase tail I’ve seen on the ranch. The species' population is tracked by counts of drumming males as they attempt to attract a mate in spring. The male ruffed grouse beats its wings to attract the attention of potential mates that might be in the neighborhood. The ruffed grouse has been Pennsylvania’s state bird since 1931. Over time, the habitat aged, filled in and the population declined. During the 2018 season in California, Sooty or Blue Grouse and Ruffed Grouse (Not Sage Grouse) Archery Season opens on August 18, 2018 to September 7, 2018. Typically, hunters are asked to provide one wing from. Virginia Ruffed Grouse Season West of I-95: October 28 – February 10, 2024 Limits: 3 per day *in select areas. One of three species in the genus Tympanuchus, the sharp-tailed grouse is found throughout Alaska, much of Northern and Western Canada, and parts of the Western and Midwestern United States. Managing forests for ruffed grouse also provides habitat for other wildlife species associated with early successional forests, including deer, bear and woodcock. Updated: September 1, 2021. , in. Once you get the hang of it, you can pluck a dove in about 2-3 minutes. 2 mins Read. Deer hunting exposed Fats to the ruffed grouse. You are allowed 5 combined ruffed and spruce grouse per day. Ruffed grouse are notorious. Mike Taras- Female sooty grouse, female spruce grouse, breeding male and winter willow ptarmigan. Transcript: This is BirdNote. Sept 1 to Jan 15 2018. This is one of the last places for Ruffed Grouse in the state, a game species that needs early successional forest habitat for survival. The Ruffed Grouse is adapted to a life in hardwood bush and forest. These grouse are very seclusive any other time of the. superworm. Ruffed grouse hunting usually starts with some very close shooting in the early season in thick foliage — calling for cylinder, skeet, and improved cylinder chokes. 035-inches under bore diameter and will place 70 percent of a shotshell’s pellets inside a 30-inch diameter circle at 40 yards. Between the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, there are countless opportunities to chase grouse and woodcock while overlooking the nation’s largest freshwater lake. The Mearns’ quail has been known to make its habitat in lower parts of southern Arizona. Transcript: This is BirdNote. ”. Box 395 Mahnomen, MN 56557 Phone Number: (218) 935-2148. Interspersion and a variety of timber classes enhance the quality of ruffed grouse habitat. Aug. Get exclusive bonus videos, extended cuts, updates, early access, and support th. However, the confidence intervals are wide and Left: a male Grouse in full “ruffed” display. Fledging occurs after 8 to 10 weeks. One of North America’s spectacular dancing grouse species, the Sharp-tailed Grouse gathers at open display grounds known as leks on spring mornings. This makes for a super easy meal for grouse if they. Area 1. Map Index. Behavior. Even so, when I kill a ruffed grouse in a particular locale, I avoid shooting another one there during the same season. The grouse season is well underway and the freezer is probably pretty well. 0:00 / 2:17. 75 inches) long, with a black band on the fan-shaped. If hunting without a dog, work creek bottoms, cutlines, tree-lined trails and forest edges. In New England it is generally called a partridge, although it is not a true partridge. The ruffed grouse has been Pennsylvania’s official state bird since 1931, and its beauty is admired by hunter and non-hunter alike. Beautiful weather, but too hot. Ruffed Grouse Roadhouse casino, Lengby The Ruffed Grouse Roadhouse is located in the southern part of Lengby, Minnesota, near Island Lake. Tail feathers measure less than 6 inches long. Grouse hunters are asked to report their hunts in the Ruffed Grouse Hunter Log regardless of harvest. Male spruce grouse have a scarlet eye comb over each eye and a black patch that covers the throat and upper breast. Analytical data were sent to NDL scientists, who reviewed and compiled the data into full nutrient profiles for Ruffed Grouse which were made available in the USDA food composition database. A full choke is sized . I’ve found #7 1/2 shot effective, sometimes #6. 04 Southern Zone 991 85% 3,866 86% 414 62% 0. In the fall, White-tailed Ptarmigan are reddish-brown above, with belly. In fact, for this and other reasons they rarely live over 20 months. George Bird Evans said in The Upland Shooting Life , “I know of no bird shooting that offers so few hits for shells fired and, other than turkey hunting, so few chances to shoot as does grouse shooting. Ruffed Grouse Photo Courtesy of the Ruffed Grouse Society Introduction The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) is North America’s most widely distributed game bird. They generally are found at elevations above 5,000 feet and are somewhat more colorful. 1 Dec. A grouse can be sustained in 10 to 20 acres if the habitat is ideal. They are young birds, the cover is. The subspecies that inhabits Maine is the St. Hunting the wrong type of habitat. Patrick Varine is a Tribune. There are likely fewer birds there because some have been harvested, and those present will also be warier. Ruffed Grouse Upland Game Bird Meat. After a crust has formed I lay the breast in a glass roasting pan, lay a piece of bacon on each breast, pour some red wine in the pan but not on the breasts, cover and cook for 40 min @ 300F or so. g. Uploaded on Feb 4, 2010. In fact, the sheer quantity of land needed to maintain grouse habitat with hunt. They prefer higher elevations; quite a bit of the Chattahoochee National Forest has good habitat for them. A Half Day (4-5 hours, 1-2 people) $425. Feb. Ruffed grouse hunting season takes place on limited days between mid-October and late December. Juveniles feed primarily on insects. 12 0. Brown the grouse on all sides, remove the browned pieces from the pan, and set to the side. This is a critical look at what makes one upland game bird more challenging to hunt than the next. Ruffed grouse tail feathers are the same color as their body, butPatrick Durkin Apr 29, 2019. Use them to build up your dog on holding them, and that helps them prepare for grouse that almost always are trying to run from points. January 13, 2017. The last state to pick its bird was Arizona in 1973. 50-64 cm inch The Ruffed grouse ( Bonasa umbellus) is the most widely distributed game bird in North America. Weight: The males weigh around 500 – 750 g, while the weight of the females is between 450 and 600, with an average mass of 644 g. Male ruffed grouse are very territorial and will defend an area of about 6 to10 acres. 28 0. Whole roast grouse with tomato, fig and bread salad is perfect for early season birds. It is the most widely distributed game bird in North America. Photo: Roland Jordahl A brown or red phase ruffed grouse. Hence, 17-8 = 9, or . 8, 2023 – Feb. George Bird Evans said in The Upland Shooting Life , “I know of no bird shooting that offers so few hits for shells fired and, other than turkey hunting, so few chances to shoot as does grouse shooting. . It was the first time either had found a Ruffed Grouse nest, as they are very well camouflaged and hidden. Plumage of the ruffed grouse is subtly and. In a normal posture, the black feathers of the ruff are barely visible. It is the only species in the genus Bonasa . Word of mouth can go a long way. Ruffed Grouse. Male Ruffed Grouse are slightly larger than females, but the differences are too small. Ruffed grouse profit as much as any leading game species under short rotation, even-aged silviculture, with the best grouse habitat found in clearcuts on mesic sites. It can come as a surprise to learn this distant sound, like an engine trying to start, comes from a bird at all. The Ruffed Grouse Roadhouse is located in the southern part of Lengby, Minnesota, near Island Lake. My Dad was an avid bird hunter, used an Ithaca 37 16 ga. There is an apparently low inclination of ruffed grouse to renest, hence there is a decreased importance of the cock in the last three weeks of May. In New York, the ruffed grouse population is stable statewide, as surveys revealed 0. Doves and pigeons are the easiest birds to pluck. Displaying males expose a rich black ruff of neck. The Northern Zone, specifically Wildlife Management Units 5C, 5F, 6F, and 6J, is also home to the spruce grouse. The Spruce Grouse is a dapper species of evergreen forests in northern and western North America. Opening week, September. The tail is short, much shorter than that of a hen pheasant and on a flying bird it appears to be sharply pointed. During the 1700s and. Physical Description. 09 grouse/station (95% confidence interval 0. In fact, the range of the ruffed grouse and both trembling aspen (Populus tremloides)Ruffed grouse can be found in every region in the state. The Demise of Ruffed Grouse Hunting. Acorns that fall on roads end up getting smashed as folks drive over them. Once flushed, late-season grouse often land in trees. A game species, the Ruffed Grouse was assigned a Continental Concern Score of 9/20 by Partners in Flight. If you're interested in introducing your child to hunting, there are plenty of ruffed grouse in the North Maine. 2017 – 2018 Comparisons Hunter Cooperator Surveys Hunter Cooperator surveys rely on volunteer hunters that record numbers of hours hunted and ruffed grouse and woodcock flushed each day of hunting. For six weeks every October and November, Sean Flint spends two. There are about 10 species of grouse in the United States and Canada. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword. Above, a male ruffed grouse attempts to attract a mate by beating his wings to create a drumming sound. The site is also a warbler migration stopover. The first states to adopt a state bird were Alabama, Florida, Maine, Missouri, Oregon, Texas and Wyoming. (Photo courtesy of Austin Vinar) Minnesota's grouse-hunting season begins Saturday, and all signs suggest a mostly successful brooding season for ruffed and sharp-tailed grouse. According to a Wisconsin DNR hunter survey , “The harvest of ruffed grouse declined over 30 percent from 262,943 in 2016 to 185,336 in 2017 despite a 7 percent increase in hunter days afield. and males and females are very similar in appearance with negligible size differences. Non-native Species. It is a quick, easy and clean way of doing it. Middle and right: Ed Sharron Melt 2 tablespoons of butter in 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil over medium-high heat in an 8-inch skillet. Permanent resident. Females watch intently as males bend low to the ground, raise their pointed tails skyward, and stamp their feet so fast they become a blur, all while inflating purplish air sacs to make quiet cooing noises. Oct 31, 2007. American Woodcock. Tags. 01 Table 4. The Ruffed Grouse, Bonasa umbellus, is a medium-sized grouse occurring in forests from the Appalachian Mountains across Canada to Alaska. 020-inches under bore diameter and will place 60 percent of a shotshell’s pellets inside a 30-inch diameter circle at 40 yards. A lot of what we focus on with grouse habitat right now is maintaining connectivity between forest patches. The answer, typically, is toward the bigger, thicker woods, especially softwood stands. Imagine a ruffed grouse living in superb habitat that may have never encountered a human in its life, and you get a bird that hasn’t come close to the level of education an eastern bird might receive in a. George Bird Evans called it the “gentlemen’s agreement. Young grouse disperse from their natal range during early fall. Since you already solved the clue Ruffed grouse which had the answer PARTRIDGE, you can simply go back at the main post to check the other daily crossword clues. With the advent of the digital age, plenty of podcasts, Facebook community pages, and Instagram posts will reveal mass migration events. The Right Move After You Shoot Your Limit — Ultimate Upland Pro Tip. While the ruffed grouse is the most common and widely sought-after species, both offer exciting hunting opportunities. Since so many species fall under this category, hunters should spend extra time reviewing the season. Lodging is not included with any Guide trips. National Amateur Grouse Championship The Ruffed Grouse. I personally tend to veer away from the meats department because of sad stories about factory processed meats, the awful things the livestock are. Physical Description. Our first grouse ever. Ruffed grouse populations traditionally rise and fall over a nine to 11-year cycle, and the last peak in Wisconsin occurred in 2011. Wisconsin is known to be the ruffed grouse capital of the world and we can assure you that it is. The Ruffed Grouse in Lengby, MN, is a roadhouse to stop by and have fun while traveling! The place has a full-service restaurant and bar, including a vast selection of drinks. American woodcock hunting is another phenomenal upland species to pursue in New Hampshire. Presentation of the Ruffed Grouse Roadhouse casino, Lengby. Bag limits and additional info: Bag limit: No limit. Often flushed from the forest floor, exploding into the air with a startling burst of wingbeats and then gliding down towards. The medium-sized, gray, and brown patterned bird also gets referred to as the partridge, but they aren’t the same bird as the Gray Partridge. ruffed grouse range primarily by fires caused by lightning or by Native Americans. ST. Graphs below include data from all routes run in both years. 15 drums per stop, right in line with the last four years, says Josh Stiller, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Gamblers can pick from over 30 slot machines to play. 5 lbs. 410 caliber. Bonasa umbellus "ruffed," and either "tame" or "good when roasted" Description: Chunky, 16 to 20 inches in length, wingspan 20 to 25 inches, weight 1 to 1. "While. No Limits. #17. The term mountain grouse in Montana describes one of three species: the dusky grouse, ruffed grouse and Franklin’s grouse. Their seemingly unrestricted diet adds to their level of difficulty. The name grouse is believed to have evolved. Disturbances such as fire and timber harvest often create early seral-stage habitats that favor ruffed grouse. 1857 posts · Joined 2020. As of right now the sharp-tailed MN grouse season is closed, but you can still target spruce and ruffed grouse. Today we head to the newest upcoming map for Way of the Hunter: Aurora Shores! As we check out the new landscape, we'll chase wood bison, barren-ground carib. All residents and non-residents, 16 and older, must have a valid small game license in possession to take small game. Preparing for the Dinner Table. The ruffed grouse is Pennsylvania's official bird. Ruffed Grouse are somewhat larger than pigeons, living their entire lives in wooded areas. ”. Minimum gambling ages are 21 years old for casinos, 18 years at tribal casinos without alcohol license, 18 for poker, 18 for bingo, 18 for horse racing,. We learned that they fly into the forest and yes, you. Ruffed grouse hunting season takes place on limited days between mid-October and late December. A mixture of oaks, aspen, and conifers are beneficial to grouse. The ring-necked pheasant season (males only) happens within three separate zones. The casino's gaming space features thirty-two gaming machines. There are hundreds of jurisdictions in the world with Internet access and hundreds different games and gambling. 14 (9 AM)-Jan. Fledging occurs after 8 to 10 weeks. A wide variety of species are included in the category "small game," such as upland game birds, migratory game birds, small game mammals and furbearers. How to Find Ruffed Grouse. We monitored 45 nests belonging to 37. Season Zone Hunter Trips Hours Afield Grouse Drumming Drumming Rate* # % # % # % Grouse Drumming/Hour SE Northern Zone 122 11% 398 10% 120 25% 0. Diversity is the essence of good ruffed grouse habitat, and is best provided by clearcutting, although group selection or shelterwood cuts may also provide suitable habitat. The annual hunter harvest in Minnesota is unsurpassed by any other state. Lay the two sprigs of rosemary on the breast and wrap with bacon. Description. 90. A document entitled “Dietary Roulette”, posted on the University of California-Davis website, both explains the phenomenon and raises unanswered questions. Grouse serve an important. State or federal migratory waterfowl stamps are not required to hunt woodcock, rails, snipe, sandhill cranes or. When attempting to follow and re-flush a grouse, a hunter should watch for the telltale "bowling pin" (an alert grouse standing tall) perched. This is part two in Pat Durkin’s series looking at differing cultural perceptions of fair chase. The Rice River runs through the north side of the WMA. Ruffed grouse have overall color-phases of gray, red, or brown. states = dict (North_Carolina = 'Northern Cardinal', Pennsylvania = 'Ruffed Grouse', Hawaii = 'Hawaiian Goose' b. Skeet or improved cylinder chokes will cover birds that flush close and far. Bruce Horsfall - Ring-necked pheasantRuffed Grouse ("Partridge") Physical Characteristics. Photos comparing this bird species with similar or confusing species, including captions that point out specific differences to help confirm identification. In contrast, the spring surveys showed ruffed grouse and pheasant counts below the 5-year average, including an 11% decrease statewide in ruffed grouse drumming activity from 2022. Across the country in different regions, wing collection boxes or barrels are set up by various agencies and organizations (Ruffed Grouse Society) for deposits from Band-tailed pigeons, dove, grouse (blue, dusky, prairie chickens, ruffed, sage, sharp-tail), ptarmigan, snipe, and woodcock. Residents may hunt small game without a license on land they occupy as their principal residence. Steve has been a ruffed grouse hunter for over 40 years and knows what a true grouse dog is. Their wings beat furiously to escape the danger as I drop the closest bird with my first barrel and miss the second one cleanly. Ruffed grouse, on the other hand, are characterized by the black tail band. 3. They are working landscapes, actively logged, and re-grown. In the breeding season, consumes leaves of many herbaceous plants, fruits, and insects; the latter are important to chicks and adults. Photo by Jacob Dingel, courtesy of PGC. Grouse more than any other game bird will gravitate to pockets of prime cover, meaning those containing whatever its priority requirements are at the moment. Approximately 1,000,000 hunters harvest approximately 2. Both sexes have a dark ruff on the neck; the male uses the ruff in spring to display to. Females are intricately scaled with brown, buff, and white. Courting males puff themselves into feathery balls and fill the air with exuberant gobbling. 3. Family - Upland Game Birds - Phasianidae. 1] Which of the following creates a dictionary containing the following pairs of state names and their corresponding state birds, with state names as the key? a. Arthur said one time, grouse were a lots easier to shoot than birds, because they flushed much slower but made much more noise. Any shotgun will work for blue grouse, but a light sub-gauge is ideal. And shotgun season opens September 8, 2018 to October 8, 2018. Wrap the breasts tightly in plastic wrap, or vacuum seal. . Ruffed tumbed to the snowy brush below. Managing forests for ruffed grouse also provides habitat for other wildlife species associated with early successional forests, including deer, bear and woodcock. In New York, the ruffed grouse population is stable statewide, as surveys revealed 0. Ruffed grouse are the most widely distributed resident game bird in North America. Limits: 3 per day, 6 possession, 30 per season. Heavy waterfowling guns will wear out your arms, and they’re too slow getting on target. I’m simply a morning person in general, and nothing is quite as peaceful and relaxing to me as an early morning in the grouse woods with my dog. Ruffed Grouse are one of the most well adapted bird species for winter. ruffed grouse and woodcock have been summarized in the results section of this report. 9 and 63. Ruffed grouse have overall color-phases of gray, red, or brown. And ruffed grouse aren’t the only grouse species that are (forgive the language—I lack a better term) f%$#ed. The dusky grouse ( Dendragapus obscurus) and the sooty grouse ( Dendragapus fuliginosus) were first identified separately by Lewis and Clark in the 1800s. Management opportunities for ruffed grouse and other forest wildlife in oak forests depend, in part, on the composition and arrangement of the principal tree, shrub, and herbaceous food and cover plants. Reaching 3 or 4 years is a grand achievement. The following ownership information is a subset of that available in the Gaming Business Directory published by Casino City Press. Each grouse will yield you two decently sized pieces of meat. In addition, we selected a scale at 1600 m (~804 ha) which represented an intermediate level between the 400-m and 4800-m scales. These include the blue grouse, spruce grouse, ruffed grouse, sharp-tailed grouse, and sage grouse. 7, 2024 Oct. Good. Early Morning: Timber Seams Don’t believe sleepyhead late-risers who rationalize that grouse hunting is better at midmorning. Having long shot Winchester’s 1-oz, 28-gauge loads—going through several flats in a variety of shot sizes—I can offer the following lethality findings. 31. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) is North America‟s most widely distributed resident game bird. I just shot a 46 out of 50 on sporting clays. The ruffed grouse is one of 12 species of grouse native to North America, with a range that extends from Alaska and the Rocky Mountains, east to New England and eastern Canada, and south into the mountains of north Georgia. #1 · Sep 22, 2023. Ruffed grouse (or “Partridge”) are the most widely distributed game birds in North America. The report looks at long-term trends for observation rates and breeding surveys for both grouse and woodcock. The Ruffed Grouse is a solitary species, unlike the Northern Bobwhite and Wild Turkey. 00. In low years, you will generally only find birds in high quality. The casino's gaming. Last year, the season was changed to close on Nov. young ruffed grouse can travel during natal dispersal (e. Look for food ruffed grouse like to help choose where to hunt. Such feathery garb allows the grouse to blend into deciduous forests or mixed hardwood-coniferous stands from Georgia to Alaska, where it happily feeds on a diet of. The sound of. A few weeks after discovering the nest, Bruce saw an adult grouse and 5-6 chicks in. They rank among the smaller of the 10 species of grouse native to North America with weights ranging from 17 to 25 oz. Minnesota's ruffed grouse spring population counts are up from last year, which was not expected during the current declining phase of the 10-year cycle — a pattern recorded for 72 years. Using your hands, shred the meat and return to the pot. #1.